Wednesday, February 4, 2026

EVS WORKBOOK

 Lesson 8

Where our food comes from?

Find out about food

1. Where does food come from?

Ans :

Wednesday, January 21, 2026

EVS04

Chapter 7 

Keywords

1. Pond: A small, shallow body of still water, usually natural, where plants and animals live.

2. Lake: A large, deep body of water surrounded by land, bigger than a pond.

3. Spring: Natural water flowing from the ground, usually fresh and clear.

4. Well: A deep hole dug in the ground to get water from under the earth.

5. Pump: A machine used to move water from one place to another, often from underground.

6. Tubewell: A long, narrow well that goes deep into the ground to draw water, using a pipe.

7. Dam: A big barrier built across a river to store water, create lakes, and control floods.

8. Canal: A man-made waterway for moving water to farms or for boats to travel.

9. Irrigation: The process of supplying water to crops in fields to help them grow.

10. Marsh: A wet area with muddy ground and lots of plants, where water collects.

11. Stagnant: Water that is still, not moving, and may become dirty or smelly over time.

12. Sedimentation: The process where heavy particles in a liquid settle down at the bottom when left still.

13. Decantation: The process of slowly pouring out the clear liquid on top, leaving the settled particles at the bottom.

14. Filtration: The process of passing a liquid through a filter to remove solid particles, making it cleaner.

S.D.INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, PANIPAT

CLASS – IV

E.V.S

CH-7

Water and Us 

Lesson Plan

  Learning Objective

  • To understand the where did this water come from? 
  • To know how we use water.
  • To know about we need water for crops.
  • To know about measuring water, and how much water do we need?
  • To know about how clean is the water?
  • To know about how to get clean water? (Decantation, Filtration)
  • To know about Why we need water for drinking.
  • To understand why we need to save water.

  Learning Outcome

  • The learner will be able to know about where did the water come from.
  • The learner will be able to know about measuring of water.
  • The learner will be able to know about how clean is the water and how to get clean water.
  • The learner will be able to known about why do we know water for drinking and why should we save water. 

  Previous Knowledge

  • Importance of water for living.
  • Why do we need water for drinking.

  Resource 

https://youtu.be/X9G5HpCDRxo?si=M5JKiRkggldxnlKM (sources of water)

https://youtu.be/5M1PslRrbwQ?si=I-yhCxZ3z_gVop6v (Sedimentation, decantation, filtration)

https://youtu.be/DvGuvg0oJ9c?si=yCiFr2XX5rPnyThB (storing and saving water) 

  Activities

Describe how water comes to your home? (Discussion and workbook activity)

Activity based on how to get clean water (decantation and filtration)

Discussion on how to save water and get clean water

S.D. INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, PANIPAT

CLASS – IV

CHAPTER – 7

WATER AND US 

WORKSHEET

Name - __________________ Roll no. - ____________ Date- ________________

Multiple choice questions:

Q1: Identify the process used when clear water is poured out after heavy particles settle at the bottom.

(a) Filtration

(b) Sedimentation

(c) Decantation

(d) Irrigation

Q2: Select the most effective sequence of steps for purifying muddy water.

(a) Filtration → Boiling → Sedimentation

(b) Sedimentation → Decantation → Filtration

(c) Mixing → Decantation → Boiling

(d) Sedimentation → Filtration → Stagnation

Q3: Identify the most effective method to save water at home during daily activities.

(a) Letting taps run freely while brushing.

(b) Using stored rainwater for washing plants.

(c) Keeping pipes open during cleaning.

(d) Replacing wells with canals.

Q4: Find the activity that ensures maximum water conservation during farming.

(a) Letting rainwater flow away.

(b) Using drip irrigation for crops.

(c) Leaving fields dry during rainy seasons.

(d) Allowing excess water to flood fields.

Q5: Which consequence is likely if untreated industrial waste is released into rivers?

(a) It helps aquatic plants grow better.

(b) It contaminates drinking water sources.

(c) It improves sedimentation of river particles.

(d) It reduces the water flow rate in the river.

Q6: Which scenario increases the risk of waterborne diseases the most?

(a) Drinking from untreated open water bodies.

(b) Using filtered water for cooking.

(c) Consuming water stored in a sealed tank.

(d) Collecting rainwater during the monsoon.

Q7: Choose the large water reservoir built to supply water for agriculture and homes.

(a) Lake

(b) Dam

(c) Pond

(d) Spring

Q8: Which process is critical for separating undissolved solids from liquids using a porous barrier?

(a) Sedimentation

(b) Decantation

(c) Filtration

(d) Irrigation

Q9: Pick the term for a water body surrounded by land and larger than a pond.

(a) Spring

(b) Lake

(c) Canal

(d) Marsh

Q10: Which practice ensures crops get water during dry seasons?

(a) Pumping

(b) Irrigation

(c) Filtering

(d) Sedimentation

Q11: Identify the underground source accessed through a long, narrow structure using pipes to draw water.

(a) Well

(b) Tubewell

(c) Spring

(d) Marsh

Q12: Select the term for water that does not flow and may collect dirt over time.

(a) Freshwater

(b) Stagnant water

(c) Marshy water

(d) Groundwater

Q13: Choose the method that uses gravity to separate solids from liquids when left undisturbed.

(a) Decantation

(b) Sedimentation

(c) Filtration

(d) Irrigation

Q14: Pick the best reason for boiling water before drinking in villages.

(a) To improve the taste of the water.

(b) To remove harmful microbes.

(c) To make the water cold.

(d) To help particles settle faster.

Q15: Select the reason why wells are often dug deeper in dry regions.

(a) To reach underground water sources

(b) To store rainwater more effectively

(c) To increase the size of the well

(d) To reduce the chances of sedimentation

Q16: Identify the source of water created by digging into the earth to access groundwater.

(a) Well

(b) Spring

(c) Pond

(d) Marsh

Q17: Select the term for a wetland area where water collects, supporting plants and animals.

(a) Marsh

(b) Stagnant water

(c) Lake

(d) Spring

Q18: Identify the man-made structure that moves water to farmlands for agriculture.

(a) Lake

(b) Canal

(c) Pond

(d) Dam

Q19: Select the natural phenomenon that provides freshwater directly from the ground.

(a) Dam

(b) Spring

(c) Marsh

(d) Pond

Q20: Which method improves water quality when no filtering tools are available?

(a) Sedimentation and decantation

(b) Pumping water underground

(c) Mixing water from different sources

(d) Storing water in ponds

 Ans : 1(c)  2(b)  3(b)  4(b)   5(b)  6(a)  7(b)   8(c)  9(b)  10(b)  11(b)  12(b)  13(b)  14(b)  15(a)  16(a)  17(a)  18(b)  19(b)  20(a) 

S.D. INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, PANIPAT

CLASS – IV

CHAPTER – 7

WATER AND US 

WORKSHEET- 2


Name - __________________ Roll no. - ____________ Date- ________________

Q1: Label the following processes.


                                (A)                                            (B)                                      (C) 

                            Sedimentation              Decantation                        Filteration                 

Q2: Suggest methods to ensure clean drinking water in your home.

Ans: 1. Boil water to kill germs.

2. Use a water filter

3. Store water in clean and covered container

4. Keep water tanks clean. 

Q3: A village relies on a single pond for water. What changes in farming or household practices can ensure the pond’s water lasts throughout the year?

Ans: Use less water for farming (drip irrigation)

  • Donot wash clothes or utensils in the pond.
  • Save rainwater to reduce pond use.
  • Plant tress around the pond to stop evaporation.

Q4: A factory discharges waste into a nearby river. How could this impact aquatic life and human health? Suggest actions to prevent such pollution.

 Ans:Impact: Fishes and other animals in the pond may die.

Peopele may get sick if they drink or use the water.

Actions: Donot throw waste in water.

Follow pollution rules strictly.

Check factories regularly to stop pollution. 

Q5: Your school wants to implement rainwater harvesting. How would you describe the importance of Rainwater Harvesting? 

Ans:Reduce water scarcity

Replanishing ground water

Saving resources for drinking and irrigation.

________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 8 "Where our food comes from "

Keywords 

1. Ploughing : Turning the soil to make it sodt for planting seeds.

2. Transplanting : Moving small plants from one place to another to grow.

3. Threshing : Separating grains from the plant after harvesting.

4. Fertilizers : A substance added to soil to help plants grow better.

5. Flooding : Lowing a field with water for growing crops like rice.

6. Sowing : It is the act of planting seeds in the soil to grow crops.

7. Sprouting: When a seed being to grow small shoots after getting water.

8. Irrigation : It is the process of supplying water to the crops in fields to help them grow.

9. Weeding : Removing unwanted plants (weeds) from a crop fields.

10. Milling : Grinding grains into flour or breaking them into smaller pieces.

11. Pest : Small animals and insects that harm crops.

12. Pesticides : Chemicals used to kill pests that harm crop.

13. Broadcasting : Spreading seeds or fertilizers evenly in a field by hand.

14. Harvesting : Cutting and collecting ripe crops from the field.

15. Polishing : Removing the outer layer of grains like rice to make them smooth.

Worksheet 1

Multiple choice questions:

Q1 The bread we eat is made from flour . Where does flour come from?

(a)Animal products

(b) Plant seeds like wheat

(c) Tree bark

(d) Processed milk

Q2 Which part of the carrot plant do we eat?

(a) Leaf

(b) Stem

(c) Root

(d) Flower

Q3 If rice crops are not watered regularly , what will happen?

(a) The plants will grow faster

(b) The plants may dry up and not produce grains.

(c) The plants will become healthier

(d) The plants will grow taller.

Q4 A farmer finds caterpillers on his cabbage crop. What does this indicate?

(a) The crop is growing too fast.

(b) Insects are damaging the crop

(c) The crop is ready to harvest

(d) The farmer watered the crop too much.

Q5 Arrange the following activities in the correct order:

threshing, ploughing, harvesting, sowing , milling , irrigating

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Q6 Neha planted a small tomato plant in her garden . Which of these steps will help her grow healthy tomatoes?

(a) Watering the plants daily and removing weeds

(b) Keeping the plant in a dark room

(c) Plucking leaves from the plant regularly 

(d) Watering the plant once a month 

Q7 Which of these animals gives us both milk and meat?

(a) Goat 

(b) Hen 

(c) Sheep

(d) Horse

Q8 Why do farmers plough the field before sowing seeds?

(a) To make the soil soft and fertile

(b) To remove the water from the field 

(c) To mix chemicals in the soil 

(d) To plant weeds first

Q9 If a family of four uses 250 grams of rice every day, how much rice will they need for 30 days?

(a) 6Kg

(b) 7.5Kg

(c)10Kg

(d) 12 Kg

Q10 During thresing , which part of the crop is removed?

(a) Roots

(b) Grains

(c) Leaves

(d) Flowers

Q11 Why do farmers thresh their crops after harvesting ?

(a) To remove seeds from the rest of the plant 

(b) To add more soil to the plants

(c) To collect water for the plants

(d) To grow the plants faster

Q12 A farmer used pesticides in her rice field . What could be a harmful effect of this? 

(a) The rice would grow larger in size

(b) The pesticides may harm useful insects and birds

(c) The soil would become more fertile.

(d) The rice grains would not form on the plant.

Q13 If farmer stop removing weeds  from their field , what might happen? 

(a) The crops would grow better and faster.

(b) The weeds would use up nutrients meant for the crops.

(c) The field would produce only healthy crops.

(d) The soil would become harder over time.

Q14 Sequence the steps in the growing rice : 

1. Transplanting rice seedings

2 Preparing the soil by ploughing

3. Harvesting the rice

4. Sowing the seeds

What is the correct sequence?

(a) 1-->2-->4-->3

(b) 2--> 4-->1-->3

(c) 4-->1-->3-->2

(d) 2-->1-->4-->3

Q15 Which of the following factors is most important for growing a successful crop?

(a) The type of soil used

(b) The spacing between plants

(c) The amount of water provided 

(d) All of the above 

Q16 What happens if too many pesticides are used on crops?

(a) The soil becomes healthier

(b) Beneficial insects may be harmed

(c) Crop yields increase 

(d) The water becomes cleaner

Q17 Which of these is important for growing good rice crops?

(a) The amount of sunlight and temperature

(b) The number of people working in the field

(c) The time of day when crops are watered

(d) The number of machine used in the field

Q18 Arrange the stages of bhindi(Okra) growth in the correct order: 

1. Bhindi on the plant (unripe)

2. Chopped bhindi

3. Ripe bhindi

4. Bhindi flower

5. Sprouting bhindi plant

(a) 5 --> 1 --> 4-->3-->2

(b) 5 --> 4 --> 1-->3-->2

(c) 4--> 5 --> 1-->3-->2

(d) 1 --> 2 --> 5-->3-->4


Worksheet 2 

Q1: Identify the farming tools and machinery listed below and describe their uses:

Image

Tool/Machinery

Uses

Sickle

Used for cutting harvesting the crops

Shovel

Used for digging and moving

Pick

Used for break hard surface and rocky soil

Plough

Loosening of soil

Tractor

Used in Ploughing


Q2 Explain the concept of a weed and describe the practice of weeding. How does the presence of weeds affect crop growth and yield?

Ans: Weed - Unwanted plants in field are called weeds.

Weeding : Removing weeds from the field.

Effect - Weeds take nutrients , water and sunlight from crops.

Q3 Explain what manure is and how it is  made . How is manure used in farming ? Compare it with chemical fertilizers and name some examples of chemical fertilizers.

Ans : Manure - Natural fertilizers made from animals wastes or leaves .

Made by decomposing organic matter.

Used: To make soil fertile.

Chemical fertilizers - Artificial fertilizers are made in factories.

Example- Urea and DAP

Manure is safer than chemical fertilizers.

Q4 Can fertilizers and pesticides be harmful to us? In what way?

When fertilizers and pesticides are washes off by rain where will they go?

Ans: Yes, fertilizers and pesticides can be harmful to us.

They can pollute soil and water .

When washed off by rain - they go into rivers and lakes polluting them.

Q5: Are there pesticides which are not harmful to us? Find out about safe ways of protecting grains from pest like using neem leaves. 

Ans : Yes, neem leaves and dried neem powder can keep pest away. 

Natural pesticides like neem oil and cow .

Urine are safe to use.

Chapter 9 "Food in our bodies"

Video : https://youtu.be/ZBZWgrfZFbU?si=OrR5P7N2QOYgmlP-

Keywords

1. Fermentation - A process where food or liquids change because of tiny living things called

microbes, like yeast or bacteria.

2. Digestion - The process of breaking down food into smaller parts so the body can use it for energy and growth.

3. Digestive Path - The way food travels inside our body, starting from the mouth and ending at the anus, where waste is removed.

4.  Mouth - The first part of the digestive system where food is chewed and mixed with saliva.

5.  Food Pipe - A tube (also called the oesophagus) that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

6.  Stomach - A bag-like organ where food is mixed with digestive juices and broken down further.

7.  Small Intestine - A long, coiled tube where most digestion happens, and nutrients are absorbed into the blood.

8.  Large Intestine - A wider tube where water is absorbed, and the leftover waste is prepared for removal.

9.  Saliva - A watery liquid in the mouth that helps to soften food and start digestion.

10. Enzyme- An enzyme is a tiny helper in our body that makes things happen faster, like breaking down food.

11.  Digestive Juice - Liquids made by different organs that help break down food into simpler forms.

Worksheet 1

Q1: What is the first step in the digestive process when food enters the mouth?

(a) It is mixed with digestive juices

(b) It is chewed and ground by teeth

(c) It travels down the food pipe

(d) It is absorbed into the bloodstream

Q2: Which of the following organs helps to churn and break down food?

(a) Mouth

(b) Small intestine

(c) Stomach

(d) Large intestine

Q3; What role does saliva play in digestion ?

(a) It breaks down proteins

(b) It helps to breakdown food into smaller particles

(c) It absorbs food into the bloodstream

(d) It moves food through the digestive path

Q4 After food leaves the stomach , where does it go next?

(a) Food pipe

(b) Small Intestine

(c) Large Intestine

(d) Anus

Q5 What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?

(a) To grind anḍ crush food

(b) To absorb water from the food

(c) To breakdown food into tiny particles and absorb nutrients

(d) To store waste food

Q6 Which part of the digestive system absorbs water and forms solid waste?

(a) Mouth

(b) Stomach

(c) Large Intestine

(d) Small Intestine

Q7 What is the substance in the mouth that helps breakdown starch?

(a) Saliva

(b) Bile

(c) Gastric juice

(d) Pancreatic Juice

Q8 What happens to food after it is chewed and mixed with saliva?

(a) It is passed to the stomach unchanged

(b) it gets mixed with digestive juices and breaks down

(c) It enters the blood stream immediately

(d) It is stored in the large intestine

Q9 What happens when food passes through the food pipe?

(a) It gets absorbed into the bloodstream

(b) It is churned broken down further

(c) it moves through by muscle contractions

(d) It is digested and absorbed by the stomach.

Q10 What does the stomach do to food?

(a) It absorbs nutrients from the food

(b) It stores food until it can be absorbed

(c) It churns and mixes food with digestive juices

(d) It releases undigested food into the large intestine

Q11 Which part of the digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body?

(a) Mouth

(b) Stomach

(c) Small Intestine

(d) Large Intestine

Q12 What is the role of the large intestine in the digestive process?

(a) To absorb nutrients

(b) To absorb water and form solid waste

(c) To churn food

(d) To mix food with digestive juices

Q13 What happens after food is broken down in the small intestine?

(a) It is expelled through the anus .

(b) It is absorbed into the bloodstream.

(c) It moves to the large intestine for digestion

(d) It enters the stomach for further digestion.

Q14 What is produced when food is broken down into smaller particles in the body?

(a) Energy

(b) Starch

(c) Vitamins

(d) Fats

Q15 Where is solid waste formed after digestion?

(a) Mouth

(b) Stomach

(c) Small Intestine

(d) Large Intestine

Q16 What happens to food that is not digested?

(a) It is absorbed by the body

(b) It is stored in the large intestine

(c) It is expelled through the anus as waste

(d) It gets converted into energy

Q17 What does your body do with the food that is absorbed into the bloodstream?

(a) It is converted into waste

(b) It is used to produce energy and maintain growth.

(c) It is stored in the large intestine

(d) It is passed into the stomach for further breakdown

Q18 How do you test food for starch?

(a) By mixing it with saliva

(b) By applying iodine solution to the food

(c) By chewing the food

(d) By heating the food

Q19 What does iodine solution do when applied to foods that contain starch?

(a) It turns the food green.

(b) It turns the food black or blue.

(c) It turns the food red.

(d) It makes the food transparent.

Q20 Which animal has a digestive system most similar to humans?

(a) Earthworm

(b) Mouse

(c) Bird

(d) Fish

Q21 What is common in the digestive systems of humans and mice?

(a) Both use saliva to breakdown food.

(b) Both have a long food pipe.

(c) Both digest food in a single organ.

(d) Both store food for a long period.

Q22 Which part of the digestive system has the longest length?

(a) Mouth

(b) Stomach

(c) Food Pipe

(d) Small Intestine

Q23 What happens to the food after it is fully digested?

(a) It is excreted .

(b) It is used for energy , growth and repair.

(c) It is stored for later use.

(d) It is converted into waste.

Ans : 1 (b)    2(c)     3(b)     4(b)     5(c)     6(c)     7(a)     8(b)    9(c)     10(c)     11(c)     12(b)     13(b)     14(a)     15(d)     16(c)     17(b)     18(b)     19(b)     20(b)     21(a)     22(d)     23(b)


1


Worksheet 2

Q1: What would happen if the stomach was a straight tube instead of a bag - like shape?

Ans: If the stomach was a straight tube, food would pass too quickly. It would not get mixed well with digestive juices, causing incomplete digestion.

Q2: Analyze the role of the small intestine in digestion . How does its structure support its function in absorbing nutrients?

Ans: The small intestine breaks food into simpler forms and absorb nutrients . Its wall have tiny finger like structure called villi that help in absorbing nutrients quickly

Q3: Compare and contrast the functions of the stomach and large intestine in the digestive system.

Ans:Stomach - breaks food into simpler parts using acids and enzymes.

large Intestine - Absorb water and forms solid waste.

Q4: Compare the digestive systems of a human and an earthworm . Which system is more complex , and why?

Ans: Humans - More complex with separate organs for chewing , digestion , absorption and waste removal.

Earthworm - Simpler with fewer organs mostly for grinding and digestion.

Humans need a more complex system because they eat different types of food.

Q5: Discuss how the food pipe (oesophagus) helps in digestion . What would happen if the food pipe did not work properly?

Ans: The food pipe pushes the food from the mouth of the stomach

If it does not work , food will not reach the stomach.

CHAPTER-10

WHAT IS THROWN OUT

Worksheet 1

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. During which stage of rice production are the husks removed?

(a) Harvesting             (b) Threshing             (c) Miling            (d) Polishing

2. Which part of the rice plat is thrown away during threshing?

(a) Husk                     (b) Straw                    (c) Bran             (d) Germ

3. The by-product of rice polishing is often used for:

(a) Animal feed        (b) Fertilizer            (c) Packaging        (d) Construction material

4. Which microbe is mainly responsible for decomposing food waste?

(a) Bacteria            (b) Algae                (c) fungi                 (d) Viruses

5. What role do microbes play in decomposing food waste?

(a) Make food poisonous

(b) Break down food into simpler substances

(c) Produce toxic gases

(d) Increase food weight

6 The smell in a garbage bin is mainly caused by :

(a) Dust                        (b) Decomposing organic matter            (c) Flies                (d) Chemicals

7. Why should we wash our hands after handling decomposed food?

(a) To avoid spreading germs            (b) To remove dirt

(c) To keep hands dry                        (d) To remove bad smell

8. Why should faeces never come into contact with food or drinking water?

(a) They attract animals                (b) They contain harmful microbes

(c) They have a strong odour        (d) They decompose slowly

9.What is the primary function of a septic tank?

(a) Store waste permanently

(b) Break down waste using microbes

(c) Filter water for reuse

(d) Incinerate waste

10.What happens to waste in a septic tank?

(a) It is stored permanently

(b) It is decomposed by microbes

(c) It is sent to rivers

(d) It turns into compost

11. What happens to banana peels after they decompose?

(a) They become fertilizer

(b) They disappear completely

(c) They turn into gas

(d) They remain unchanged

12. What can we do with food waste to make it useful?

(a) Burn it

(b)Use it for compost

(c) Store it for lond periods

(d) Throw it away in plastic bags

13. Which method is most effective for treating sewage waste?

(a) Boiling

(b) Filtration

(c) Sewage treatment plant

(d) Direct disposal into rivers

14. What could happen if untreated sewage is released into river?

(a) It provides nutrients for fish

(b) It pollutes the water

(c) It clean the water

(d) It evaporates quickly

15. Why should outdoor defecation be avoided near water sources?

(a) It looks unpleasant

(b) It leads to water contamination

(c) It causes soil erosion

(d) It attracts animals

16. Imagine you observed bubbles in dal that was left outside. What is most likely the cause?

(a) Microbial growth

(b) Evaporation

(c) Air trapped during cooking

(d) Reaction with the pot

17. Why might covering decomposing food speed up the process?

(a) It traps heat and moisture

(b) It prevents flies

(c) It keeps away sunlight

(d) It allows ventilation

18. Organic waste from plants and animals decomposes into :

(a) Fertilizer         (b) Plastic         (c) Metal scraps        (d) Oil

19. What is the role of bacteria in sewage treatment plants?

(a) Produces foul smell        (b) Break down organic waste

(c) Removes water                (d) Solidifies waste

20. Why does milk last longer when refrigerated?

(a) Stops microbial growth         (b) Removes bad smell

(c) Increases nutrients                 (d) Adds flavor

Ans :1(b)     2(a)     3(a)     4(a)     5(b)     6(b)     7(a)     8(b)     9(b)     10(b)     11(a)     12(b)     13(c)     14(b)     15(b)     16(a)     17(a)     18(a)     19(b)     20(a)

Worksheet 2

Q1 Explain how earthworm contribute to the process of converting garbage into manure?

Ans :- Earthworm eats organic waste and break it down into small pieces. Their waste called vermi compost, makes the soil rich and fertile. This process helps in recycling waste into useful manure.

Q2 Examine the methods used for treating Sewage in your locality . How do these methods contribute to maintaining public health and environmental safety?

Ans:- Sewage is treated in sewage treatment plants where waste is filtered,broken down by bacteria and clean before being released. This prevents water pollution reduces disease spread and keeps the environment clean.

Q3 What is the role of a sewage treatment plant in waste management, and what are the potential dangers if sewage is not treated properly?

Ans : A sewage treatment plant clean dirty water by removing harmful waste.

If sewage is not treated it can pollute rivers, spread diseases and harm aquatic life.

Q4 How does improper outdoor defecation affect the environment and public health ? Provide specific reasons why it is advised to avoid defecating near water sources.

Ans : Outdoor defecation spreads, jams and causes diseases if done near water , it contaminates drinking water , leading to infection and making people sick.

Q5 Why is it important to wash your hands after handling decomposing food or after using the toilets ? Explain the role of microbes in spreading diseases.

Ans : Washing hands remove harmful microbes that causes diseases .Microbes from water can enter our body and make us sick.